Background: Combination emtricitabine (FTC) or lamivudine (LAM) with tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) is the recommended first-line regime for treatment in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HIV co-infection. However, in those failing to suppress, few data exist regarding further management. In HBV/HIV co-infection, there are no published data describing outcomes when entecavir (ETV) is then added to TDF-based regimes in patients no longer suppressing their HBV. We report the first series of patients using ETV with truvada-based HAART in HBV/HIV co-infected patients with previous HBV therapy failure, including inadequate suppression.
Methods: A prospective observational study.
Results: Thirteen HIV/HBV co-infected patients (all male, hepatitis B e antigen positive and hepatitis B e antibody negative) were commenced on ETV in addition to background truvada. All patients were previously exposed to LAM or FTC and TDF (median 53 months, range 6−123). Seven patients had LAM monotherapy prior to TDF/LAM or FTC combination; the remaining six patients were exposed to FTC or LAM and TDF combination. Median time of follow-up was 74 weeks (range 16−159) and median HBV decline was 2.53 log(10) IU/ml (range 1.28−7.36). Thirty-eight percent of patients achieved undetectable HBV DNA level by the end of the study and eight of 13 (62%) achieved normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels with median reduction −28 U/l (range −152 to 37). TDF was stopped in one patient because of renal toxicity. ETV was well tolerated with no change of estimated glomerular filtration rate during the study.
Conclusion: Entecavir can be considered in addition to TDF/FTC in HBV/HIV co-infected treatment-experienced patients failing to fully suppress their HBV viral load.