Objective: The primary outcome measure of this study was the ability of rHuEPOα therapy to reduce transfusion needs, whereas secondary outcome measures were NICU-LOS and ventilation need.
Methods: All babies with BW <1250 g and GA <30 were eligible. Thirty premature neonates were enrolled in the study (10 treated, 20 controls). rHuEPOα was administered as 300 IU/kg/dose 3 times/week subcutaneously. Iron, folic acid and Vitamin E supplementation were administered in both groups. Hematologic variables and blood sampling were recorded during the study.
Results: In rHuEPO group, only four (40%) premature infants required a transfusion, averaging 0.4 ± 0.52 transfusions/pts. A total of 23 transfusions were administered to controls; 11 (55%) infants received one transfusion at least, 55% required multiple transfusions. The average number of transfusions/pts was statistically different (1.15 ± 1.46 vs. 0.4 ± 0.52; p = 0.02), as the cumulative number of transfused patients (55% vs. 40%; p<0.001). NICU stay was not statistically different, whereas ventilation-free days were increased in EPO group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: R-Hu-EPO treatment in first post-natal weeks markedly enhanced erythropoiesis in severely premature infants compared with matched controls, with a significant impact on transfusion needs. EPO group experienced also a reduction of ventilation time and, possibly, a decreased occurrence of clinical BPD.