Softening induced instability of a stretched cohesive granular layer

Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Nov 12;105(20):208001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.208001. Epub 2010 Nov 10.

Abstract

We report on a cellular pattern which spontaneously forms at the surface of a thin layer of a cohesive granular material submitted to in-plane stretching. We present a simple model in which the mechanism responsible of the instability is the "strain softening" exhibited by humid granular materials above a typical strain. Our analysis indicates that such a type of instability should be observed in any system presenting a negative stress sensitivity to strain perturbations.