Abstract
Despite advances in surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, patients with cancer have a poor prognosis. Sustained aberrant tumor angiogenesis and metastasis is a major obstacle for effective cancer treatment. Just a few years ago, few would argue that one of the key success stories of the modern cancer medicine were the anti-angiogenic drugs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway approved by FDA. This initial success inspired many researchers to search for new anti-angiogenic targets and drugs with the hope that one day, anti-angiogenic therapy might really become the panacea for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the limited clinical benefits achieved with anti-angiogenic drugs conflicts with the widely accepted notion that angiogenesis is a key event in tumor progression. Emerging data indicate that unique characteristics of the tumor vasculature within the tumor microenvironment may hold the key for success of anti-angiogenic therapy. In particular, the molecular and cellular alterations that sustain aberrant tumor angiogenesis in the face of angiogenic inhibitors represents novel targets for rationally designing and improving current anti-angiogenic strategies.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Benzenesulfonates / therapeutic use
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Bevacizumab
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Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
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Humans
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Indazoles
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Indoles / therapeutic use
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Neoplasms / blood supply
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Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Neovascularization, Pathologic / drug therapy*
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Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives
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Niacinamide / therapeutic use
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Oligonucleotides
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Phenylurea Compounds
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Pyridines / therapeutic use
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Pyrimidines / therapeutic use
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Pyrroles / therapeutic use
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Quinazolines / therapeutic use
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Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / therapeutic use
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Sorafenib
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Sulfonamides / therapeutic use
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Sunitinib
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Tumor Microenvironment
Substances
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Benzenesulfonates
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Indazoles
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Indoles
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Oligonucleotides
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Phenylurea Compounds
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Pyridines
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Pyrimidines
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Pyrroles
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Quinazolines
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Sulfonamides
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aflibercept
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Niacinamide
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Bevacizumab
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pazopanib
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Sorafenib
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Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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imetelstat
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cediranib
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Sunitinib