Several series of novel N'-tert-butyl-N'-substituted-benzoyl-N-[di(octa)hydro]benzofuran{(2,3-dihydro)benzo[1,3]([1,4])dioxine}carbohydrazide derivatives Ia, Ib, IIa-IIg, IIIa, IIIb, and Va-Vc were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR spectra, HRMS, and X-ray single-crystal structures. The larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm, beet armyworm, diamond-back moth, and corn borer of these compounds were evaluated and contrasted with those of RH-2485, JS-118, and ANS-118. The larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm indicate that monosubstituent or multisubstituents and the substituting group position cannot promote increasing activities and that the cycle region in the general structure of IIa-IIg is much more sensitive to activity than that in the general structure of Ia and Ib. The space volume of the A ring in the structure of Va cannot be too large; if it is, the activity will be decreased significantly. Stomach toxicities against beet armyworm, diamond-back moth, and corn borer of compounds Ia, Ib and IIg indicate that benzoheterocyclic analogues of N-tert-butyl-N,N'-diacylhydrazines show significant selectivities to different lepidopterous pests.