Liver fluke disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus is a food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease and widely prevalent in Asia. The definitive hosts including human beings get the infection by ingestion of raw or undercooked fish or shrimp infested with metacercariae. Long-term or severe infection of the flukes can lead to dysfunction of the liver, such as cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and so on. Researches indicated that there is an etiology relation between the fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma. This paper reviews the relationship and possible mechanisms of the liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma