The effect of H(2)O(2) supplement on cell growth and β-carotene productions in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae CFW-01 and CFW-01 ctt1 deficiency in cytosolic catalase were investigated in shaking flasks. The results showed that supplement of H(2)O(2) (0.5 and 1.0 mM) can significantly stimulate the β-carotene production. However, β-carotene levels of CFW-01 ctt1Δ under 0.5 and 1 mM H(2)O(2) were 16.7 and 36.7% lower than those of CFW-01, respectively. Although lacking cytosolic catalase, no significant differences in cell growth were observed between CFW-01 ctt1Δ and CFW-01 under the same level of H(2)O(2) stress. These results suggest that β-carotene can act as an antioxidant to protect the recombinant yeast from H(2)O(2) oxidative damage in the absence of cytosolic catalase. However, catalase still plays an important role in the production of β-carotene under H(2)O(2) stress. If catalase can not timely decompose H(2)O(2), the free radicals such as OH· derived from H(2)O(2) can result in decrease of β-carotene concentration. Therefore, in the production of β-carotene by H(2)O(2) stress, not only the level of oxidative stress, but also the activities of catalase in cells should be considered.