Increasing knowledge about the cervical cancer etiology, combined with the development of molecular diagnostics technology using DNA matrix and mRNA matrix, introduced a new quality in cervical cancer screening. Moving the diagnostics from the cellular level into the molecular level allowed not only to identify the existing precancerous states, but also to foresee these pathologies in the stage of cellular or molecular changes using oncogenesis biomarkers. The new diagnostic tools give hope for the improvement of effectiveness of cervical cancer screening and for a significant reduction of costs.