A type 1-diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing ß-cells in the pancreas. Today there is no cure to the disorder, and the patients require life-long insulin medication to survive. Treatment with exogenous insulin cannot mimic the second-by second regulation of blood glucose levels achieved by the ß-cells, and the current regimen presents a difficult navigation between the Scylla of life-threatening hypoglycemia and the Charybdis of hyperglycemic tissue glycosylation and late-complications.