Remote identification and quantification of industrial smokestack effluents via imaging Fourier-transform spectroscopy

Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Dec 15;44(24):9390-7. doi: 10.1021/es101823z. Epub 2010 Nov 11.

Abstract

Industrial smokestack plume emissions were remotely measured with a midwave infrared (1800-3000 cm(-1)) imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer operating at moderate spatial (128 × 64 with 19.4 × 19.4 cm(2) per pixel) and high spectral (0.25 cm(-1)) resolution over a 20 min period. Strong emissions from CO(2), H(2)O, SO(2), NO, HCl, and CO were observed. A single-layer plume radiative transfer model was used to estimate temperature T and effluent column densities q(i) for each pixel's spectrum immediately above the smokestack exit. Across the stack, temperature was uniform with T = 396.3 ± 1.3 K (mean ± stdev), and each q(i) varied in accordance with the plume path length defined by its cylindrical geometry. Estimated CO(2) and SO(2) volume fractions of 8.6 ± 0.4% and 380 ± 23 ppm(v), respectively, compared favorably with in situ measurements of 9.40 ± 0.03% and 383 ± 2 ppm(v). Total in situ NO(x) concentration (NO + NO(2)) was reported at 120 ± 1 ppm(v). While NO(2) was not spectrally detected, NO was remotely observed with a concentration of 104 ± 7 ppm(v). Concentration estimates for the unmonitored species CO, HCl, and H(2)O were 14.4 ± 0.3 ppm(v), 88 ± 1 ppm(v), and 4.7 ± 0.1%, respectively.

MeSH terms

  • Air Pollutants / analysis*
  • Air Pollutants / chemistry
  • Carbon Dioxide / analysis
  • Carbon Dioxide / chemistry
  • Carbon Monoxide / analysis
  • Carbon Monoxide / chemistry
  • Data Interpretation, Statistical
  • Environmental Monitoring / instrumentation
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Hydrochloric Acid / analysis
  • Hydrochloric Acid / chemistry
  • Industrial Waste / analysis*
  • Models, Chemical
  • Nitrogen Oxides / analysis
  • Nitrogen Oxides / chemistry
  • Remote Sensing Technology*
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared*
  • Steam / analysis
  • Sulfur Dioxide / analysis
  • Sulfur Dioxide / chemistry

Substances

  • Air Pollutants
  • Industrial Waste
  • Nitrogen Oxides
  • Steam
  • Sulfur Dioxide
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Hydrochloric Acid