Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite, which has emerged as an important signaling mediator participating in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. The discovery of a family of S1P receptors, together with the more recently identified intracellular targets, has provided fundamental understanding of the multi-faceted actions of S1P. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies has implicated the S1P signaling system in the control of immunity, inflammation and many associated diseases. Enigmatically, S1P appears to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the cell context. Here, we review this emerging area and argue for a pivotal role for S1P, as a key mediator of the cytokine network, acting through juxtacrine signaling in the immune system.
Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cell Communication / genetics
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Cell Communication / physiology
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Cytokines / genetics
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Cytokines / metabolism*
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Gene Regulatory Networks / drug effects
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Humans
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Lysophospholipids / metabolism
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Lysophospholipids / pharmacology
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Lysophospholipids / physiology*
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Models, Biological
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Paracrine Communication / genetics
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Paracrine Communication / physiology*
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / genetics
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / metabolism
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / physiology
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Signal Transduction / genetics
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Signal Transduction / physiology
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Sphingosine / analogs & derivatives*
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Sphingosine / metabolism
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Sphingosine / pharmacology
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Sphingosine / physiology
Substances
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Cytokines
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Lysophospholipids
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sphingosine 1-phosphate
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Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
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sphingosine kinase
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Sphingosine