Life-threatening complications associated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate

Abstract

Adverse events associated with sunitinib, such as cardiac toxicities, renal damage, and hemostatic complications, are well known. The authors report 3 cases in which patients experienced severe life-threatening complications after commencing sunitinib treatment. One patient developed heart failure with dilation of the left ventricle and decrease in the ejection fraction after one cycle of sunitinib and required treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, loop diuretics, and dobutamine. Another patient developed coronary artery stenosis after one cycle of sunitinib and was managed through percutaneous coronary intervention. Although follow-on coronary angiography revealed normal findings after 6 further cycles of sunitinib, this patient eventually expired due to multi-organ failure. The third patient had chronic renal failure before sunitinib treatment and required hemodialysis due to acute-on-chronic renal failure after commencing sunitinib treatment.