Non-classical binding of a polyreactive α-type anti-idiotypic antibody to B cells

Abstract

Detailed information on the immunological relevance of α-type anti-idiotypic antibodies is lacking after more than 30 years since Jerne postulated his Idiotypic Network Theory. The B7Y33 mutant is a mouse-human chimeric version of the B7 MAb, a polyreactive α-type anti-idiotypic antibody, generated against an anti-GM2 ganglioside IgM Ab1 antibody. It retained the unusual self-binding activity and multispecificity of the parental murine antibody, being able to recognize several anti-ganglioside IgM antibodies as well as non-immunoglobulin antigens. Previous work with the murine B7 MAb suggested that this antibody might have immunoregulatory properties, and therefore we investigated the possible interaction of B7Y33 with immune cells. We found that B7Y33 binds to human and murine B lymphocytes. Inhibition assays using flow cytometry indicated that this antibody is capable of binding the Fc γ receptor II (FcγRII). The recognition of FcγRII-expressing K562, Raji and Daudi human cell lines, together with the capability of inhibiting the binding of an anti-human FcγRII antibody to these cells, suggest that B7Y33 interacts with both the FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb isoforms. We evaluated the contribution to the binding of different surface-exposed residues at the top of the heavy chain variable region (VH) CDR loops through the construction of mutants with substitutions in the three conventional VH CDRs (HCDRs) and the "HCDR4", located in the framework 3 (HFR3). In addition, we assessed the involvement of the Fc region by performing key mutations in the CH2 domain. Furthermore, chimeric hybrid molecules were obtained by combining the B7Y33 heavy chain with unrelated light chains. Our results indicate that the multispecificity and self-binding properties of B7Y33 are not linked to its recognition of B lineage cells, and that this phenomenon occurs in a non-classical way with the participation of both the variable and constant regions of the antibody. Two possible models for this interaction are proposed, with B7Y33 binding to two FcγRIIb molecules through the Fc and Fv regions, or simultaneously to FcγRIIb and another unknown antigen on B cells. The FcγRIIb has recently received great attention as an attractive target for therapies directed to B lymphocytes. The recognition of peripheral B lymphocytes from B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients by B7Y33 suggests its potential application for the treatment of B cell malignancies.