The cerebellum has long been considered quite separate from the neocortex, and accordingly the understanding of its role has been limited. Recent work has revealed that the cerebellum interacts regularly with the forebrain and it is involved in mood and cognition. In this article, the authors discuss an extensive system of neural circuits connecting the prefrontal, temporal, posterior parietal, and limbic cortices with the cerebellum. Language functions of the cerebellum are described, as well as cerebellar syndromes affecting cognition. The roles of the cerebellum in pain perception, attention deficit disorder, autism, dementia, and schizophrenia are discussed. Practical observations and tests to assess cerebellar function in the psychiatrist's office are described.
Keywords: Cerebellum in psychiatric disorders; cerebellar neurocognition; cerebellum and schizophrenia; neurological examination of cerebellar functions.