We present the case of a 65-year-old male patient without any family history of renal or hepatic disease. He had been on maintenance hemodialysis for 4 months because of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. At the start of the hemodialysis session he reported general malaise, abdominal pain, fever and diarrhea occurring in the last two days. Laboratory workup showed neutrophilic leukocytosis and increased serum amylase and C-reactive protein. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan and MRI cholangiography showed hepatic cysts with marked dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. The patient underwent cholecystectomy with hepaticojejunal Rouxen- Y anastomosis and was discharged with oral ciprofloxacin. Histology confirmed marked cystic dilatation of the bile ducts. Because of persistent episodes of septic fever, administration of ciprofloxacin was continued. After 4 months retrograde endoscopic pancreatography was performed which led to a diagnosis of Caroli's syndrome associated with polycystic kidneys. Given the rarity of the disease and its difficult diagnosis, when patients with polycystic kidneys and liver cysts experience recurrent episodes of septic fever of unknown origin, Caroli's disease should be taken into account and the appropriate tests should be carried out to confirm the diagnosis.