Acaricidal effect and chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Cuminum cyminum, Pimenta dioica and Ocimum basilicum against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Parasitol Res. 2011 Feb;108(2):481-7. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-2069-6. Epub 2010 Sep 24.

Abstract

Acaricidal activity of essential oils extracted from cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum), allspice berries (Pimenta dioica) and basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) were tested on 10-day-old Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick larvae using the LPT. Two-fold dilutions of the three essential oils were tested from a starting dilution of 20% down to 1.25%. Results showed a high toxicological effect for cumin, producing 100% mortality in all tested concentrations on R. microplus larvae. Similarly, allspice essential oil produced 100% mortality at all concentrations with the exception of a dramatic decrease at 1.25% concentration. Conversely, basil essential oil was not shown to be toxic against R. microplus larvae. The most common compounds detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were as follows: cumin: cuminaldehyde (22.03%), γ-terpinene (15.69%) and 2-caren-10-al (12.89%); allspice: methyl eugenol (62.7%) and eugenol (8.3%); basil: linalool (30.61%) and estragole (20.04%). Results clearly indicate that C. cyminum and P. dioica essential oils can be used as an effective alternative for R. microplus tick control, and there is a high probability they can be used for other ticks affecting cattle in Mexico and throughout the world, thereby reducing the necessity for traditional and unfriendly synthetic acaricides.

MeSH terms

  • Acaricides / chemistry
  • Acaricides / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases / parasitology
  • Cuminum / chemistry*
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Ixodidae / drug effects*
  • Larva / drug effects
  • Ocimum basilicum / chemistry*
  • Oils / chemistry
  • Oils / pharmacology*
  • Oils, Volatile / chemistry
  • Oils, Volatile / pharmacology
  • Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
  • Pimenta / chemistry*
  • Plant Oils / chemistry
  • Plant Oils / pharmacology
  • Tick Infestations / parasitology
  • Tick Infestations / veterinary

Substances

  • Acaricides
  • Oils
  • Oils, Volatile
  • Plant Oils