Graded activation of CRAC channel by binding of different numbers of STIM1 to Orai1 subunits

Cell Res. 2011 Feb;21(2):305-15. doi: 10.1038/cr.2010.131. Epub 2010 Sep 14.

Abstract

The Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel pore is formed by Orai1 and gated by STIM1 after intracellular Ca(2+) store depletion. To resolve how many STIM1 molecules are required to open a CRAC channel, we fused different numbers of Orai1 subunits with functional two-tandem cytoplasmic domains of STIM1 (residues 336-485, designated as S domain). Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of these chimeric molecules revealed that CRAC current reached maximum at a stoichiometry of four Orai1 and eight S domains. Further experiments indicate that two-tandem S domains specifically interact with the C-terminus of one Orai1 subunit, and CRAC current can be gradually increased as more Orai1 subunits can interact with S domains or STIM1 proteins. Our data suggest that maximal opening of one CRAC channel requires eight STIM1 molecules, and support a model that the CRAC channel activation is not in an "all-or-none" fashion but undergoes a graded process via binding of different numbers of STIM1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Calcium Channels / chemistry
  • Calcium Channels / genetics
  • Calcium Channels / metabolism*
  • Calcium Channels / physiology
  • Cell Line
  • Humans
  • Membrane Proteins / chemistry
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mutation
  • Neoplasm Proteins / chemistry
  • Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
  • Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism*
  • ORAI1 Protein
  • Patch-Clamp Techniques
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Protein Subunits / chemistry
  • Protein Subunits / genetics
  • Protein Subunits / metabolism
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Stromal Interaction Molecule 1

Substances

  • Calcium Channels
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • ORAI1 Protein
  • ORAI1 protein, human
  • Protein Subunits
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • STIM1 protein, human
  • Stromal Interaction Molecule 1
  • Calcium