In patients with long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes and peripheral neuropathy, a red, hot, swollen foot without open ulceration should raise the suspicion of Charcot neuroarthropathy, an often-overlooked diabetic foot complication. The authors discuss key diagnostic features and how to differentiate this condition from cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and other conditions. They review key elements of the workup and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment to preserve a functioning foot.