Numerous decision-making situations occur in the activities of daily living. The consequences of the decision-making capacity disturbances may have a great impact on the patient's autonomy, financial management, and his or her reaction to a diagnosis as well as the ability to accept a therapeutic option or give informed consent. Decision-making is a complex and multi-dimensional process and brings into play attention, memory and executive functions, which are processed in the prefrontal cortex, particularly vulnerable in aging. A better comprehension of the mechanisms of decision-making, and of the resulting social consequences of their dysfunction may improve autonomy of the elderly. Unfortunately, we still lack appropriate tools to explore decision-making in routine practice.