This review presents the evolution of sutureless vitrectomy and describes the minimisation of surgical techniques in the posterior segment, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Shorter operating time, improvement of patient comfort and faster visual recovery are feasible when using small-diameter sutureless vitrectomy technique and equipment. However, a number of associated problems, such as postsurgical hypotony and endophthalmitis, were noticed initially in higher rates compared to 20-gauge vitreoretinal surgery. The purpose of this review is to summarise the available information on transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and evaluate its role in modern vitreous surgery.