S-layer glycoproteins and flagellins: reporters of archaeal posttranslational modifications

Archaea. 2010 Jul 20:2010:612948. doi: 10.1155/2010/612948.

Abstract

Many archaeal proteins undergo posttranslational modifications. S-layer proteins and flagellins have been used successfully to study a variety of these modifications, including N-linked glycosylation, signal peptide removal and lipid modification. Use of these well-characterized reporter proteins in the genetically tractable model organisms, Haloferax volcanii, Methanococcus voltae and Methanococcus maripaludis, has allowed dissection of the pathways and characterization of many of the enzymes responsible for these modifications. Such studies have identified archaeal-specific variations in signal peptidase activity not found in the other domains of life, as well as the enzymes responsible for assembly and biosynthesis of novel N-linked glycans. In vitro assays for some of these enzymes have already been developed. N-linked glycosylation is not essential for either Hfx. volcanii or the Methanococcus species, an observation that allowed researchers to analyze the role played by glycosylation in the function of both S-layers and flagellins, by generating mutants possessing these reporters with only partial attached glycans or lacking glycan altogether. In future studies, it will be possible to consider questions related to the heterogeneity associated with given modifications, such as differential or modulated glycosylation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Archaeal Proteins / chemistry*
  • Archaeal Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Flagellin / chemistry*
  • Flagellin / isolation & purification
  • Haloferax volcanii / genetics
  • Haloferax volcanii / metabolism*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / chemistry*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / isolation & purification
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Metabolic Networks and Pathways / genetics
  • Methanococcus / genetics
  • Methanococcus / metabolism*
  • Polysaccharides / chemistry
  • Polysaccharides / metabolism
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational*
  • Serine Endopeptidases / genetics
  • Serine Endopeptidases / metabolism

Substances

  • Archaeal Proteins
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Polysaccharides
  • S-layer proteins
  • Flagellin
  • Serine Endopeptidases
  • type I signal peptidase