We conducted a detailed 54-year retrospective review of patients who developed epidural hematoma after neuraxial blockade in a university hospital and throughout Mainland China. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in the Chinese population were identified. The incidence of epidural hematoma after neuraxial blockade was 2.14 of 100,000 (95% confidence interval: 0.44-6.25 of 100,000). Patients who had a bacterial infection and required emergency surgery were at increased risk of developing epidural hematoma. There is a significant correlation between good neurologic recovery and short interval to decompressive surgery.