Antimicrobial activity of commercial zeolite A on Acinetobacter junii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

The influence of three samples of commercially produced zeolite A (named A, M and R) in water medium on the bacterium Acinetobacter junii and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. These microorganisms were used in the bioassay and are not specifically related to the use of zeolite A. All zeolite samples showed the negative influence on the survival and physiological status of A. junii and S. cerevisiae. The EC(50) values for the inhibition of CFU of A. junii were 0.328, 0.138 and 0.139 g l(-1) for zeolite sample A, M and R, respectively. The EC(50) values of tested zeolites for S. cerevisiae, estimated by fermentation and fluorescence microscopy assay, ranged from 2.88 to 5.47 g l(-1). The genotoxic effect of three samples of zeolite to S. cerevisiae was shown by the alkaline comet assay. When assuming all the aspects of zeolite toxicity to bacterium and yeast, the zeolite sample R appeared to be less toxic than the samples A and M. The hydrolysis of zeolite crystals, amorphous aluminosilicate and unreacted gel fraction in water medium and consecutive dissolution and leaching of aluminium and silicon in the form of aluminosilicate molecules (700-1300 Da) was detected.