Debye function analysis and 2D imaging of nanoscaled engineered bone

Abstract

The Debye Function Analysis of diffraction patterns from nanosized mineral crystals showing different average degrees of maturity was carried out on engineered bone samples. The analysis relied on a bivariate family of atomistic hydroxyapatite nanocrystal models and provided information about crystal structure, size and shape distributions of the mineral component of the newly formed bone. An average rod-like shape of nanocrystals was found in all samples, with average sizes well matching the collagen I gap region. The diffraction patterns investigated through the Debye Function Analysis were used as signal models to perform the Canonical Correlation Analysis of high resolution X-ray micro-diffraction patterns collected on porous and resorbable hydroxyapatite/silicon-stabilized tricalcium phosphate (Si-TCP) implants. The nosologic maps clearly showed a size gradient in the new formed bone that validates the mechanism (mimicking the bone remodelling in orthotopic bones) of a continuous deposition of bone by osteoblasts, an increasing mineralization of the newly deposited bone, a growth of the new crystals, at the same time that osteoclasts adhere to the scaffold surface and resorb the bioceramic. The comparison of samples at different implantation times proved that the selective resorption of Si-TCP component from the scaffold was already evident after two and almost complete after six months.