A successful transplantation implies that immunosuppressive drugs will have to be taken during the whole patient's life. Poor drug compliance is a multifactorial problem, that is particularly dangerous in organ transplantation as it can lead to loss of graft function and return to dialysis treatment. The medical doctor must stimulate the patient's adherence to the strict therapeutic drug protocol. The patient must also be reminded at each medical consultation of the importance of such rigorous drug intake. This bad (or non) compliance is particularly well demonstrated a long time after transplantation. The medical staff, all the health participants, but also the family members must continuously fight against non compliance, which is inherent to any chronic disease.