The introduction of sonographic imaging has revolutionized the diagnostics of thyroid pathologies. Nowadays, thyroid ultrasound examination has become an essential part of routine thyroid gland evaluation. Although one of the greatest advantages of this examination lies in its simplicity, it requires a solid theoretical background, as well as a lot of experience for the examiner to become fluent in adequate interpretation of its results. The aim of this summary is to present a review of the most important aspects of both the technique and interpretation of thyroid ultrasound pictures with regard to the most common difficulties a thyroid sonographer may come across in everyday practice.