Neurological complications in two children with Lemierre syndrome

Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010 Aug;52(8):779-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03718.x. Epub 2010 Jun 23.

Abstract

Lemierre syndrome is a distinct clinical syndrome comprising oropharyngeal sepsis and fever, internal jugular vein thrombosis and remote septic metastases caused by Fusobacterium species. The mortality rate was historically high and although use of antibiotics led to a dramatic fall in incidence, a resurgence has been seen recently. A 14-year-old male developed Lemierre syndrome after tonsillitis. There was extensive leptomeningitis, especially over the clivus, causing 6th and 12th cranial nerve palsies, a clinical feature termed the 'clival syndrome'. He also developed an epidural abscess in the cervical spine, which was unsafe for surgical drainage. Conservative treatment with an extended course of antibiotics and anticoagulation for jugular vein thrombosis led to a good recovery. A 15-year-old female developed Lemierre syndrome after a persistent sore throat lasting 7 weeks. She had palsy of the 12th cranial nerve from clival osteomyelitis. She was treated with a 6-week course of antibiotics and anticoagulants leading to almost full recovery at 3-month review. Awareness of the potential neurological complications of Lemierre syndrome and prompt management are crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality in this 'forgotten disease'.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acyclovir / therapeutic use
  • Adolescent
  • Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Bacteremia / complications*
  • Bacteremia / diagnosis
  • Bacteremia / drug therapy
  • Ceftriaxone / therapeutic use
  • Cranial Nerve Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cranial Nerve Diseases / drug therapy
  • Cranial Nerve Diseases / microbiology*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Fusobacterium Infections / complications*
  • Fusobacterium Infections / diagnosis
  • Fusobacterium Infections / drug therapy
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum / isolation & purification*
  • Humans
  • Jugular Veins / pathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Oropharynx / microbiology
  • Syndrome
  • Venous Thrombosis / pathology

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Acyclovir