The rising prevalence of obesity in the United States has resulted in an increased incidence of T2DM in children and adolescents. T2DM now accounts for up to 45% of new cases of diabetes in the pediatric population. Many new medications have been developed for the treatment of T2DM, although few have been investigated in children. Although we have learned much in the past decade, more knowledge is needed regarding the unique aspects of T2DM in pediatric patients to optimize the prevention and treatment of this disease in children and adolescents.