DC not only activate CD4 T (Th) cell and cytotoxic CD8 T cell (CTL) responses against pathogens, but they also tolerize autoreactive T cells in order to avoid autoimmunity. Previous studies have demonstrated that steady-state DC can tolerize naïve CTL, naïve Th cells and memory CTL. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that DC also tolerize memory Th cells. This is arguably most critical for developing therapies against autoimmune disease; first, because Th cells are the central regulators of all adaptive immune responses, and second because memory, rather than naïve T cells are the clinically relevant cells in established autoimmune diseases. This study fosters hope that DC-based specific immunotherapies for common autoimmune diseases are possible.