Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a major role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the influence of MCP1 gene polymorphism on COPD development has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the association between MCP1 -2518 polymorphisms and COPD and between this polymorphism and plasma MCP-1 levels. The plasma MCP-1 was measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymorphisms detection was performed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. COPD group had higher plasma MCP1 levels than healthy participants (257.0 versus 194.4 pg/mL) in the univariate analysis (P = .005); and in stepwise liner regression analysis after adjustment for age, alcohol, body mass index, cancer history, and steroid use (P = .002; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.72-128.02). Plasma MCP-1 was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)%) (P = .003; r = -.274). SNPStats including codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive model analysis showed MCP1 -2518 polymorphisms had no association with the risk of COPD. Generalized linear model showed no association between plasma MCP-1 levels and MCP1 -2518 genotypes. In conclusion, there is no association between MCP1 -2518 gene polymorphisms and COPD or between this gene polymorphisms and plasma MCP-1 levels in the Taiwanese men.