Objective: To describe the basic characteristics and lifestyles of the population of a Health Region, on medication for two or more cardiovascular risk factors.
Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Setting: Tarragona Primary Care.
Participants: The subjects, less than 65 years-old, were identified by the dispensing data of hypertensive, glucose-lowering and lipid-lowering pharmaceutical drugs.
Main measurements and results: Specific structured questionnaires were designed for each drugs group, and the information was gathered by telephone. Age, sex, sedentarism, alcohol and tobacco habits, diet and body mass index were analysed. A total of 1201 patients, with a mean age of 58.9±7.6 years, were interviewed. There were 54.2% males. A total of 636 (53.0%) subjects took anti-hypertensive and cholesterol lowering drugs, 212 (17.7%) anti-hypertensive and glucose lowering drugs, and 128 (10.8%) cholesterol lowering and glucose lowering drugs, and 225 (18.7%) patients took drugs from the three groups. There were 19.2% active smokers, 5.7% stated excessive alcohol consumption, 266 (22.2%) stated that they did not follow any diet, and 15% were sedentary or did a minimum of physical activity. The mean body mass index was 29.9±4.9 kg/m(2), being highest among the subjects who took anti-hypertensive and glucose lowering drugs (P<0.001), and 44.2% were obese.
Conclusions: Approximately one fifth of the subjects who took at least 2 pharmacological groups was an active smoker, one quarter of the total did not follow a diet, half were obese and two-thirds did little or no physical activity. These results show low compliance to hygienic-dietetic measures by patients with an increased cardiovascular risk.
Objetivo: Describir las características basales y los estilos de vida de la población de una región sanitaria con medicación para 2 o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal.
Emplazamiento: Atención primaria de Tarragona.
Participantes: Los sujetos, menores de 65 años, se identificaron a partir de los datos de dispensación de especialidades farmacéuticas antihipertensivas, hipoglucemiantes e hipocolesterolemiantes.
Mediciones y resultados principales: Se diseñaron cuestionarios estructurados específicos para cada agrupación de fármacos y la información se recogió telefónicamente. Se analizaron edad, sexo, sedentarismo, hábito enólico, tabáquico, dietético e índice de masa corporal.
Se entrevistó a 1.201 personas, con una edad media de 58,9±7,6 años. El 54,2% eran hombres. Tomaban fármacos antihipertensivos e hipocolesterolemiantes 636 sujetos (53,0%), antihipertensivos e hipoglucemiantes 212 (17,7%), hipocolesterolemiantes e hipoglucemiantes 128 (10,8%) y fármacos de los 3 grupos 225 sujetos (18,7%). El 19,2% declararon ser fumadores activos y el 5,7% manifestaron un consumo excesivo de alcohol. Doscientos sesenta y seis sujetos (22,2%) aseguraron no seguir ninguna dieta. El 15% declararon ser sedentarios o hacer una mínima actividad física. El índice de masa corporal medio fue de 29,9±4,9 kg/m2, siendo más alto entre los sujetos que tomaban antihipertensivos e hipoglucemiantes (p<0,001). Un 44,2% presentaba obesidad.
Conclusiones: Aproximadamente 1/5 de los sujetos que toman al menos 2 grupos farmacológicos son fumadores activos, 1/4 del total no hace dieta, 1/2 son obesos y 2/3 partes realizan poca o nula actividad física. Estos resultados muestran el bajo cumplimiento de las medidas higiénico dietéticas por parte de los pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular elevado.
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