Background: The relation between immigration status and perinatal mortality is unclear. The objective of this study is to describe and measure inequalities in perinatal mortality and causes of perinatal deaths according to maternal nationality and socioeconomic status.
Methods: A population-based cohort study related to all babies born during the period of 1998-2006 whose mothers were living in Brussels, irrespective of the place of delivery. Perinatal and post-perinatal mortality were analysed according to the nationality and sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers at birth. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for the association between mortality and nationality.
Results: The women of sub-Saharan Africa experience a 50% excess in perinatal mortality, which primarily reflects a high rate of preterm deliveries and low birth weight, as well as a low socioeconomic level. Paradoxically, despite their favourable rates of preterm and low-birth-weight births, Maghrebian and Turkish women experience a strong excess (50-70%) of perinatal mortality caused primarily by congenital anomalies. Differences in age, parity distributions and multiple births play no significant role, and the excess does not reflect low socioeconomic levels. This excess of perinatal mortality contrasts with the absence of an excess of post-perinatal mortality.
Conclusion: In Brussels, patterns of inequalities in perinatal mortality and causes of perinatal deaths vary according to nationality; perinatal mortality is increased in particular ethnic groups independently of socioeconomic status and maternal characteristics.