Conditions that do not reach the threshold for mental disorder in Spanish psychiatric outpatients: prevalence, treatment and management

Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;57(5):471-9. doi: 10.1177/0020764010368616. Epub 2010 Apr 29.

Abstract

Background: In recent years there has been controversy around the treatment demands of people who, without meeting diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder, have certain symptoms and are referred to mental health professionals.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of individuals assessed by mental health service, referred from primary care, who do not meet the diagnosis criteria of mental disorders according to ICD-10. To analyze the medical treatment given to these individuals, measured by the indication for discharge or follow-up and by the pharmacological intervention decided in the first interview, as well as the associated variables.

Design: descriptive study.

Scope: urban area.

Population: all patients referred to the Salamanca mental health service during a year, without any exclusion (n = 1,187).

Variables: sociodemographics; clinical and health service utilization gathered through clinical interview, GHQ-28, SCL-90-R and an expectations scale.

Results: Of the 1,004 patients who attended interview, 24.4% (CI 95%: 21.6-27.0) did not present any diagnosable mental disorder (Z codes); they constitute the body of this study. 50.8% of these were referred from primary care with a psychotropic drug treatment already prescribed. Any drug intervention (addition, suspension or modification) was performed in 37.2% of the cases by the mental health service. Regardless of the treatment indicated, 52% were discharged after the first interview.

Conclusions: The prevalence of patients who failed to reach diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder in this health service is similar to other studies, in spite of the filter provided by primary care. Many individuals without a diagnosable mental disorder received treatment both in primary care and in the mental health service.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Ambulatory Care*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interview, Psychological
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders* / diagnosis
  • Mental Disorders* / drug therapy
  • Mental Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Mental Disorders* / physiopathology
  • Mental Health Services / statistics & numerical data
  • Middle Aged
  • Prevalence
  • Primary Health Care / statistics & numerical data
  • Spain / epidemiology