An antisense microwalk reveals critical role of an intronic position linked to a unique long-distance interaction in pre-mRNA splicing

RNA. 2010 Jun;16(6):1167-81. doi: 10.1261/rna.2154310. Epub 2010 Apr 22.

Abstract

Here we report a novel finding of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) microwalk in which we examined the position-specific role of intronic residues downstream from the 5' splice site (5' ss) of SMN2 exon 7, skipping of which is associated with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a leading genetic cause of infant mortality. Our results revealed the inhibitory role of a cytosine residue at the 10th intronic position ((10)C), which is neither conserved nor associated with any known splicing motif. Significance of (10)C emerged from the splicing pattern of SMN2 exon 7 in presence of a 14-mer ASO (L14) that sequestered two adjacent hnRNP A1 motifs downstream from (10)C and yet promoted SMN2 exon 7 skipping. Another 14-mer ASO (F14) that sequestered both, (10)C and adjacent hnRNP A1 motifs, led to a strong stimulation of SMN2 exon 7 inclusion. The inhibitory role of (10)C was found to be tightly linked to its unpaired status and specific positioning immediately upstream of a RNA:RNA helix formed between the targeting ASO and its intronic target. Employing a heterologous context as well as changed contexts of SMN2 intron 7, we show that the inhibitory effect of unpaired (10)C is dependent upon a long-distance interaction involving downstream intronic sequences. Our report furnishes one of the rare examples in which an ASO-based approach could be applied to unravel the critical role of an intronic position that may not belong to a linear motif and yet play significant role through long-distance interactions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Base Pairing
  • Base Sequence
  • Biological Evolution
  • Exons / genetics
  • Genome, Human
  • Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Introns / genetics
  • Mutation
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense
  • RNA Precursors / genetics*
  • RNA Splicing*
  • RNA, Antisense / genetics*
  • Sequence Deletion
  • Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein / genetics

Substances

  • Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense
  • RNA Precursors
  • RNA, Antisense
  • SMN2 protein, human
  • Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein