The purpose of the review was to familiarize pediatricians with the modern concepts of the etiology and pathogenesis of celiac disease in children. Article executed on the extensive material. In easily accessible language. Based on thorough analysis of modern, mostly foreign, literature, highlights some of the presently known characteristics of the key pathological process in celiac disease. In this article quite clearly shown how to develop mucosal damage of the small intestine in this disease. It was shown that celiac disease in any case isn't atopic, which was involved in mast cells and fixed them on the antibody class E and / or G. Although what is set to atopic reaction to gliadin, the process involves a completely different epitopes of the molecule. These are the sequence of molecules alpha beta gamma- and omega 5-gliadin with a common motif QQX1PX2QQ, where X1 can be represented by L, F, S or I and X2--Q, E or G). And at the same time, as an autoimmune disease, accompanied by increased activity of cytotoxic cells, damaging enterocytes, the development of antibodies in celiac disease is a secondary character. In conclusion, stated that all three concepts of celiac disease now seem to be quite distinct, suggesting three options for development of the disease, which, of course, is not excluded, but a single concept, uniting all together, would be preferable. This is the subject of further research.