An algorithm for early diagnosis of cervicofacial necrotising fasciitis

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Aug;267(8):1169-77. doi: 10.1007/s00405-010-1248-5. Epub 2010 Apr 16.

Abstract

Cervicofacial necrotising fasciitis (CNF) is a potentially fatal infection which can occasionally present in the head and neck. An early diagnosis and aggressive treatment is imperative for minimising the associated mortality and morbidity. The early clinical features are usually non-specific which makes it difficult to differentiate it from other less serious infections. Necrosis of the skin is a late feature. Although it is more common in the immunocompromised, it can also affect normal individuals. We discuss our experience of five patients with CNF, review of literature and algorithm for early diagnosis of CNF. With experience, we were able to diagnose the subsequent cases early and minimise the mortality and morbidity. In conclusion, the incidence of CNF has increased in the last decade partly due to an increased clinical awareness. Early intervention is essential to minimise the mortality and morbidity. It should be managed by a team of at least otolaryngologists, intensivist, microbiologist and plastic surgeons; cardiothoracic surgeons may be required. Treatment involves early aggressive surgical debridement/fasciotomy, intravenous antibiotics and general metabolic support in the intensive care unit.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Algorithms*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Debridement
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Disease Progression
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Early Diagnosis
  • Eyelid Diseases / diagnosis
  • Eyelid Diseases / surgery
  • Fasciitis, Necrotizing / diagnosis*
  • Fasciitis, Necrotizing / surgery
  • Fasciotomy
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Female
  • Heart Arrest / etiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Opportunistic Infections / diagnosis
  • Opportunistic Infections / surgery
  • Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / surgery
  • Streptococcal Infections / diagnosis*
  • Streptococcal Infections / surgery
  • Streptococcus milleri Group*
  • Streptococcus pyogenes*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Ultrasonography

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents