The high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprints of Baihe Zhimu Tang were established for evaluating the effective substance basis and compatibility regulation of Baihe Zhimu Tang. An Agela Venusil XBP-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) was employed, and the gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid was used as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, the detection wavelength was set at 315 nm, and the column temperature was set at 25 degrees C. By taking mangiferin as the reference substance, the fingerprints of 10 batches of Baihe Zhimu Tang prepared by Bulbus Lilii and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae from different producing areas were analyzed under the same chromatographic conditions. The results showed that there were 16 common peaks contained in the tested samples. Five constituents were identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), neomangiferin, mangiferin, isomangiferin and regaloside B by comparing the retention times and ultraviolet spectra of the peaks with those of the reference substances. The HPLC fingerprints of Baihe Zhimu Tang established with the above method show good characteristic and repeatability, and the method is stable and reliable, it can be used for the quality control of Baihe Zhimu Tang. The main chromatographic peaks of the HPLC fingerprints of Baihe Zhimu Tang were identified in the experiment and also 5-HMF was identified as the main constituent which changed significantly in decocting process.