The concentrations of 16 US EPA PAHs in 37 sediment samples collected from Luqiao were analyzed by isotope dilution gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), and their distribution characters,sources and ecological risk were further investigated. Each of the 16 PAHs could be detected in all of the sediment samples, the total concentrations of the 16 PAHs in the sediments ranged from 59.3 microg/kg to 3 180 microg/kg,with a mean of 722 microg/kg. The pollution level of PAHs can be categorized as low to moderate when compared with other studies around the world. SigmaPAHs were significantly correlated with TOC (r = 0.699, p < 0.001), indicating that TOC was a key soil property affecting the level and fate of PAHs in sediments. The isomeric ratios and factor analysis revealed that PAHs in the Luqiao sediments were originated from mixed sources, and combustion source was dominant. Six sampling sites had the mean PAH ERL quotient > 1, indicating that some sediments in Luqiao may have potential ecological risk. The toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (TEQ(BaP)) of the 16 PAHs ranged from 3.41 microg/kg to 485 microg/kg, 98.4% of which was contributed by 7 carcinogenic PAHs, indicating that 7 PAHs were the main influential factors to the ecological risk.