The flavonoids and anthocyanins in Chinese sugarcane (Saccharum sinensis Roxb.) tips, stems, roots and leaves were separately analyzed by HPLC-UV diode array detector, respectively. The results indicated that the content of flavonoids in sugarcane leaves was considerably high in comparison with previous reports in Brazil sugarcane (S. officinarum L.) leaves. Moreover, the content of flavonoids in sugarcane tips and roots was also high in comparison with sugarcane stems. For another, the content of anthocyanins in sugarcane roots was higher than that in other parts of the sugarcane, such as leaves, tips and stems. In addition, two anthocyanins, named petunidin 3-O-(6''-succinyl)-rhamnoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, were first identified from S. sinensis by HPLC-UV diode array detector and HPLC-MS/MS.