Abstract
A relatively large number of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to regulate signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Recent human genetics studies have shown that several of these PTPs are encoded by major autoimmunity genes. Here, we will focus on the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a critical negative modulator of TCR signaling encoded by the PTPN22 gene. The functional analysis of autoimmune-associated PTPN22 genetic variants suggests that genetic variability of TCR signal transduction contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in humans.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Autoimmunity / genetics*
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Autoimmunity / immunology
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Humans
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / genetics*
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / immunology*
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / genetics
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / immunology
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / genetics*
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / genetics*
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Signal Transduction / immunology
Substances
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
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PTPN22 protein, human
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases