JACIE was initiated as a small pilot project in Spain in 2000 and launched as a formal Europe-wide inspection program in January 2004. Since 2000, over 150 applications for accreditation have been received by the JACIE Office and more than 130 inspections have been completed in European centers and facilities. Almost all of these were found to be functioning at a high level of excellence, with the majority having only minor deficiencies in compliance with the standards. In one-third of centers there were more significant deficiencies. The most common deficiencies were in quality management. Following correction of deficiencies 86 centers have to date achieved full accreditation and many more are nearing the completion of the process. Implementation of JACIE involves a significant investment of time and resources by applicant centers. The majority require at least 18 months to prepare for accreditation and 85% have needed to employ a quality manager and/or data manager on an ongoing basis. However, all centers felt their program had benefited from the implementation of JACIE. JACIE is also working closely with other international organisations related to cellular therapy as part of the Alliance for the Harmonisation of Cell Therapy Accreditation (AHCTA), which is examining the differences in existing standards and aiming to develop international standards for all aspects of stem cell transplantation. In particular the requirements for safety of imported tissues and cells has emphasised the need for global harmonisation. The recent implementation of Directive 2004/23/EC and the associated Commission Directives 2006/17/EC and 2006/86/EC has provided an impetus for the implementation of JACIE in European Union (EU) member states. It will be important in the future to examine how JACIE can co-operate with the EU Competent Authorities (CA) to ease the burden of the inspection process for haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant programs.