Relation of endothelial function to residual platelet reactivity after clopidogrel in patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Platelet reactivity is greater in patients with stable angina and with more extensive peripheral vascular atherosclerosis. We sought to evaluate whether impaired peripheral microcirculatory endothelial function might correlate with platelet reactivity after clopidogrel and therefore predispose to an unfavorable outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In 52 consecutive patients with stable angina undergoing elective PCI, endothelial function was assessed by (1) endothelial peripheral arterial tonometry (measuring the "Endoscore"); (2) the von Willebrandt factor antigen level and ristocetin co-factor activity. Basal platelet reactivity was assessed by soluble P-selectin. Patients then received a 600-mg clopidogrel loading dose > or = 12 hours before PCI. A blood sample was withdrawn 12 hours later, but before PCI, to assess platelet reactivity using the P2Y12 reaction unit and percentage of P2Y12 inhibition with the point-of-care VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. Troponin T was assessed 24 hours after PCI. The Endoscore inversely correlated with von Willebrandt factor antigen activity (r = -0.52, p = 0.0001) and soluble P-selectin concentration (r = -0.36, p = 0.021), suggesting greater platelet reactivity with increased impaired endothelial function. After clopidogrel, the Endoscore correlated directly with the percentage of P2Y12 inhibition (r = 0.36, p = 0.009) and inversely with the P2Y12 reaction unit (r = -0.41, p = 0.002), suggesting greater residual platelet reactivity with more impaired endothelial function. The average Endoscore was significantly lower in patients with troponin T elevation (troponin positive group 0.267 + or - 0.091) than in patients without troponin T elevation (troponin negative group 0.508 + or - 0.041, p = 0.015 vs troponin positive). In conclusion, an impaired endothelial response before clopidogrel was associated with greater platelet reactivity after clopidogrel. This link might explain the unfavorable PCI outcomes in patients with more severe endothelial impairment.