Pulmonary tuberculosis is currently considered a serious health problem worldwide. To understand tuberculosis infection we need to know the interaction between the host's immune response and the microorganism causing tuberculosis. Ample research has been carried out to identify new molecules and genes involved in the evasion mechanism of the host's immune response. This knowledge has generated the possibility that future therapeutic schemes will be designed to fight these particular molecules or genes. We reviewed recent experimental evidence on the mechanisms that will successfully fight against mycobacteria.