We described chemical composition in Cangzhu in recent years, volatile oil is the important chemical composition, The beta-eudesmol, hinesol are active ingredient in volatile oil and there are 38 kind of glycosides. At the same time, we overview the applying of RAPD technology in atractylodes lancea. The results is that there are correlation in chemical composition, genetic differentiation and geographical distribution, there is some truth in bounded by a territorial division of the north-south Cangzhu, and genetic differentiation has been happened in atractylodes lancea to adapting the environment. We described advances of pharmacological in dampness spleen, cardiovascular system, genitourinary system, nervous system, and the results show that there are pharmacological activity in digestive system, cardiovascular system, genitourinary system of atractylodes lancea.