Chylous fistula is a serious complication of neck surgery. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, treatment and evolution of chylous fistula in neck dissection. We conducted a retrospective study of 304 patients, 295 (97.03%) men and nine (2.97%) women. Ages ranged from 24 to 80 years (mean = 59.28 years, SD = 6.02) and they had all undergone neck dissection. Chylous fistula occurred in four cases (1.31%). Incidence was 1.83% in laryngeal cancer and 2.7% in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. No statistically significant correlation was found between tumoral stage and fistula occurrence. Radiotherapy prior to surgery was a risk factor although the association was not statistically significant. The incidence rates for radical and functional neck dissection were 3.3% and 0.46%, respectively, statistically significant (P = 0.042). The fistulas were located on the left side in all cases. One of the four patients required surgical intervention and another one died. The occurrence of chylous fistula increased significantly the length of hospital stay (P = 0.01). Chylous fistulas appear on the left side, radiotherapy prior to surgery is a risk factor and there is not correlation with tumoral stage. Chylous fistulas are significantly more common in radical than in functional dissections and increase significantly the length of hospital stay.