Experience with central lymphodissection (CLD) was analyzed in 93 patients with primary thyroid cancer (pT1-4aN0-1a). Prophylactic central lymphodissection was fulfilled in 48 patients, therapeutic CLD in 45 patients. The size and spread of the primary thyroid tumor had no difference in both groups of patients. In patients of the 2nd group thyroidectomy was fulfilled more often (71.1%) than in the 1st group (58.3%).The frequency of postoperative transitory hypoparathyroidism after surgery on the thyroid gland and therapeutic CLD made up 13.3%. There were no recurrent metastases of cancer after CLD fulfilled during the last 3.5 years. All cancer metastases in the postoperative period were detected in lymph nodes of the neck (2-5 levels) and their prevalence was 8.9%.