An efficient reaction under microwave irradiation has been developed for the synthesis of a series of novel 2-cyano-3-substituted-amino(phenyl) methylphosphonylacrylates (acrylamides) II. The products obtained in shorter reaction time with moderate yields are fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR spectral data. The role of introducing various substituents and the effect of incorporating alpha-aminophosphonates with an alkoxyethyl moiety into the parent cyanoacrylate (acrylamide) structure are investigated. Among the studied compounds, both II-17 and II-24 displayed good in vivo curative, protection, and inactivation effects, which were comparable to those of the commercial reference ningnanmycin (inhibitory rates of 58.8, 60.2, 78.9% and 60.0, 58.9, 85.5%, respectively, at 500 mg/L against TMV). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis and antiviral activity of the title compounds II.