To investigate effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-colony stimulation factor(G-CSF) on the transplantation rate of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through intracoronary injection. Japanese white ears rabbits (2-3 months old) were used as myocardial injury models by intravenously injecting adriamycin, then they were divided into three groups randomly: (1) Blank group, (2) TNF-alpha group; (3) G-CSF group. There were 7 rabbits each group. Before transplantation, MSCs and rabbit models were neither intervened by cytokine in blank group; in TNF-alpha group, rabbits were injected TNF-alpha (5 microg/kg) through ear-edge vein one day before transplantation, MSCs were pretreated by TNF-alpha (10ng/ml)12 hours before transplantation. In G-CSF group, rabbits were injected G-CSF(10 microg/kg) intramuscular each day 3 days before transplantation. MSCs were pretreated by G-CSF(10 ng/ ml) 12 hours before transplantation. Separated by density gradient centrifugation and labeled by 4,6-biamidine-2-phenyliodole (DAPI) after cells expanded in vitro, MSCs were then transplanted through the root of aorta when the ascending aorta occluded above the sinus aortae. Myocardial pathological sections were made after 4 weeks and count transplanted cells under laser scanning confocal microscope and statiscally analyze. The amount of cells transplanted in rabbit myocardial were much more in TNF-alpha group G-CSF group than in blank group, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). It sugested that TNF-alpha and G-CSF intervened the cultured MSCs, and animal model of myocardial injury could elevate the transplantation rate of intracoronary injection rabbit mesenchymal stem cells. The mechanism may have relation to that cytokine can enhance the attachment of MSCs to cardiac microvascular endothelium (CMVE).