From population-based surveys, chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women is a common condition with a spectrum of associated disability and distress. Those seen by gynaecologists in a referral setting often have substantial impairment of function and mood disturbance. Because in most cases, the aetiology of CPP cannot be explained and the range of effective interventions remains limited, treatment of CPP might easily result in a sense of frustration not only for the patient but also for the gynaecologist. To avoid this situation in clinical practice, a structured assessment of women suffering from CPP using a cognitive behavioural model, is suggested. This type of assessment provides information about the impact of CPP on a particular patient's daily life. It also facilitates referral for pain management. Future studies are needed to show further evidence of benefit of this approach for women with CPP.