We report two cases of inoperable advanced bileduct cancer that responded well to combined gemcitabine (GEM)/cisplatin (CDDP) therapy. A 70-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of jaundice; PTCD was performed, followed by laparotomy, however, the tumor was found to be inoperable because of extensive direct invasion of the surrounding organs. Then, after insertion of a stent, the patient was started on combined chemotherapy with GEM 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and CDDP 70 mg/m2 on day 1 administered once every 3 weeks. After 4 courses, thrombocytopenia appeared. Therefore, chemotherapy was continued for another three courses with GEM 800 mg/m2 on days 1, 15 and CDDP 50 mg/m2 on day 1 every 4 weeks. After 7 courses the serum CEA level returned to normal range, and marked reduction of the tumor size was observed on CT. The patient has been able to maintain a good quality of life without occurrence of any severe adverse effects. A 61-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of icterus, and was diagnosed to have lower bile duct cancer with liver metastasis. After insertion of a stent, she was started on combined chemotherapy with GEM 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and CDDP 70 mg/m2 on day 1 administered once every 3 weeks. After completion of 4 courses, the patient developed thrombocytopenia and a feel- ing of dullness. Therefore, chemotherapy was continued for the next three courses with GEM 800 mg/m2 on days 1, 15 and CDDP 50 mg/m2 on day 1, administered every 4 weeks. This treatment was associated with a fall of the serum CA19-9 level to within normal range, and marked improvement of the liver metastasis was also noted. Combined GEM/ CDDP therapy improves the QOL of inoperable bile duct cancer patients and offers promise as pre-operative chemotherapy.